It was produced on a small scale during world war i. The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. Physical properties of ethylene oxide at various temperatures 3, 24 temperature c. Ethylene glycol manufacture technology from ethylene. Furnace the two primary feedstocks for ethylene production are naphtha and natural gas ethane, propane, butane, etc. The effluent from the glycol reactor goes to the evaporator section to remove the water. Another major market is in the manufacture of polyesters for fibers and foils. Us9096564b2 processes for the production of ethylene glycol. A growth of 20 million metric tons in the global production capacity of ethylene glycol is expected to occur in the fiveyear period from 2018 to 2023, from around 35 million metric tons to.
In the early days of eo production, the typical startofcycle selectivity for eo catalysts ranged from 68 to 70%, i. Although ethylene glycol has two alcohol groups, its main application is as the main ingredient in antifreeze and not for fuel purposes. The glycol feed stripper bottoms going to the glycol reactor is preheated and flows through a 24 pipe reactor 633 long. Ethylene glycol basecase process in this paper, the production of ethylene glycol was generated and based on two parts.
Ethylene oxide europe monoethylene glycol ethylene oxide northeast asia monoethylene glycol ethylene oxide price forecast tables production process overview ethylene oxide monoethylene glycol biomass to eo andor eg glycerincorn starch to meg coal to meg production economics introduction united states production economics europe. The report examines research work and technical developments taking place in the ethylene glycol. The diagram shows the production of ethylene oxide via direct oxidation of ethylenecaption oxidation. The first step in the production of ethylene is to take the feedstock and crack it into ethylene and other various products in a furnace. This invention provides an engineering scheme for the biomediated production of. Both reactions are carried out in the liquid phase using homogeneous catalysts. Ethylene glycol is a liquid inhalation ethylene glycol is a colorless liquid. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral ph with a large excess of water. Co 2 streams from the reaction steps are recycled to the ethylene carbonate reactor. Sep 26, 2019 agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr. Us6380419b2 process for simultaneous production of.
This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral ph under elevated temperatures. Here, an interesting catalytic process was reported related to converting cellulose into ethylene glycol eg and ethylene glycol monoether egme in methanol over a runbopo4 catalyst, with the cleavage. It may also enter the environment from its uses in deicing airplane runways and from spills and improper disposal of used antifreeze, coolant, and solvents containing ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol meg is a colorless liquid, utilized in the production of antifreeze, polyester fiber, pet bottle resins, polyester film, and a variety of other applications, including aircraft and runway deicing fluids. A simulation model of a reactor for ethylene oxide production.
Ethylene glycol eg, the principal topic discussed in this article is also interchangeably referred to as monoethylene glycol meg. In the early 1960th the production of ethylene oxide based from ethanol and chlorohydrin was not considered cost effective. In this method, ethylene oxide is converted to an intermediate, ethylene carbonate, by reaction with carbon dioxide, which is then hydrolyzed by water to give ethylene glycol. Ethylene oxideethylene glycol nexant subscriptions. Vol% wt% freezing point burst point boiling point specific ethylene glycol ethylene glycol f c f c f gravity 22c 0 0 32 0. Process analytics in ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol plants. Ethylene glycol is similar in structure to glycerol. Ethylene is oxidized with oxygen to form ethylene oxide in a. For each major industrial source category described. Releases of ethylene glycol to land have resulted in contamination of groundwater since ethylene glycol easily leaches through the soil.
Simulation, ethylene glycol production, sterilization, aspen hysys. The terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, containing catalysts, are mixed in a tank 2 to form a paste. Sigmaaldrich offers a number of polyethylene glycol products. Freezing points, burst points, boiling points, and specific gravities of dynalene ethylene glycol solutions. The terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol are mixed by kneading elements working in opposite. Bakir ethylene glycol has become one of the worlds important industrial chemicals. It is a colorless flammable gas with a faint sweet and musky odour when pure. The specific eg and pg reaction steps utilized in this case study are described in appendix 5. The expression of genes encoding dxylose dehydrogenase xylb and dxylonate dehydratase xyld from caulobacter crescentus and yage or yjhh aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase alda from. Ethylene glycol production chemical engineering page 1.
Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail. A process for the production of ethylene glycol comprising. Ethylene oxide is reacted with co 2, forming ethylene carbonate, which is then hydrolyzed to form meg and co 2. Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene ethene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Initially, fresh ethylene, methane makeup and oxygen are mixed with recycle gas recovered downstream. Due to its demand and a vast application area lot of research is going on for improving its production statistics. Pdf production of mono ethylene glycol by hydrolysis of. The use of meglobal ethylene glycol products meg, deg as a non.
Ethylene glycol is a very important chemical and intermediate. Ethylene glycol production capacity globally 2023 statista. Ethylene glycol is commonly used as an antifreeze agent. During ripening, leaco1 and leaco4 are sustained in expression, whereas the increase in leaco3 expression is transient barry and others 1996. Ethylene glycol production in the united states from 1990 to 2017 in 1,000 metric tons this statistic shows the production volume of ethylene glycol in the united states from 1990 to 2017. In the first section, ethylene oxide is produced by ethylene direct oxidation reactions from the study by lou et al. Ethylene glycol used to be manufactured by the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide eo which was produced via ethylene chlorohydrin but this method has been superseded by a direct oxidation route. Properties of ethylene glycol ethylene glycol is specifically. Department of health and human services, public health service. Biotechnological production of glycolic acid and ethylene.
This statistic shows the production volume of ethylene glycol in the united states from 1990 to 2018. Ethylene glycol is nowadays one of the most industrially important chemical. Overview of glycolic acid and ethylene glycol production pathways. Ethylene glycol has become one of the worlds important industrial chemicals. Although ethylene glycol has two alcohol groups, its main application is as the main ingredient in antifreeze and not for fuel. Introduction ethylene glycol eg is an important organic compound and chemical intermediate used in a large number of industrial processes. Historically, about 20 percent of the ethylene glycol was consumed in antifreeze applications.
G6p glucose6phosphate, f6p fructose6phosphate, f1,6p fructose1,6bisphosphate, ga3p. Ethylene glycol is produced from carbon monoxide in countries with large coal reserves and less stringent environmental regulations. The glycol ethers are used as solvents for resins, lacquers, paints, varnishes, gum, perfume, dyes, inks, as a constituent of paints and pastes, cleaning compounds, liquid soaps, cosmetics, and hydraulic fluids. During the life of the plant, ethylene production is induced during certain stages of growth such as germination, ripening of fruits, abscission of leaves, and senescence of flowers.
Us6380419b2 process for simultaneous production of ethylene. This compound is produced from the hydration of eo which may produce in addition to ethylene glycol diethylene glycols and triethylene glycols. The chemical formula for ethylene glycol is c 2 h 6 o 2, and its molecular weight is 62. Ethylene glycol is used to manufacture antifreeze and deicing solutions for cars, airplanes, and boats. Ethylene glycol is mixed with polyalkylene glycols and water to produce hydro lubes, which have extensive application as nonflammable, low viscosity hydraulic fluids. Process design for the production of ethylene from ethanol. Here, an interesting catalytic process was reported related to converting cellulose into ethylene glycol eg and ethylene glycol monoether egme in methanol over a runbopo4 catalyst, with the cleavage of a cc bond by nbopo4 and. Monoethylene glycol meg, also known as ethylene glycol eg or simply glycol, is a diol mostly used for the production of polyester fibers and polyethylene terephthalate pet resins. Releases of ethylene glycol to the environment are widespread, with the major source being the disposal of used antifreeze and deicing solutions and, secondarily, by industry during its production. It is also used in antifreeze applications and in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Ethylene glycol manufacture technology free library. Production of ethylene glycol petrochemical processes.
In 1963 modo started a production of ethylene oxide based on direct oxidation from ethylene in stenungsund, sweden. Production of ethylene glycol manufacturing process discrimination the different processes followed for the production of ethylene glycol includes. Ethylene production is regulated by a variety of developmental and environmental factors. In the mix tank, ethylene glycol flows into a manifold that sprays the glycol through many small slots around the periphery of the vent line. A novel 2step process abstract ethylene glycol demand is growing rapidly, particularly in the global polyethylene terephthalate markets. The primary eo manufacturing process is direct oxidation of ethylene over a supported ag catalyst.
Ethylene glycol is odorless, but has a sweet taste. Ethylene glycol is a solvent and suspending medium for ammonium perborate, which is used in most electrolytic capacitors. A crude ethylene glycol mixture is then produced by the. Ethylene glycol is a colorless and odorless, high boiling. Ethylene glycol eg production and manufacturing process. Ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol chemical production and.
Currently, ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene oxide, which is in turn derived from fossil fuels. Ethylene glycol may be discharged into wastewater from its production and use. Sep 02, 2014 the efficient usage of lignocellulosic biomass is of great significance for largescale lowcost biomass conversion to biofuels and other useful chemicals. Figure 4 summarizes the production processes for both ethylene glycol eg and propylene glycol pg based antifreeze solutions. Production of ethylene glycol and its monoether derivative. Since eo is very reactive and hazardous to handle and ship.
The oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl oxalate provides a promising approach to the production of c 1based ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is also used in hydraulic brake fluids and inks used in stamp pads. Monoethylene glycol ethylene oxide production process overview ethylene oxide monoethylene glycol biomass to eo andor eg glycerincorn starch to meg coal to meg production economics introduction united states west europe. Both eg and pg are produced from the refining of crude oil and natural gas. Ethylene glycol eg production via coalbased syngas has been demonstrated to be an attractive process with a higher conversion and lower energy consumption. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation. Ethylene demand is generally demand and classified as fitnesstostandard, based upon the existing characteristics of ethylene produced by cracking of fossil fuels. Mounting issues such as price fluctuations, supply instability, and environmental concerns are driving the search for alternative methods to generate ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is the adduct of ethylene oxide eo and water and is the simplest glycol, the first of a homologous series of three dihydroxy alcohols, namely, mono, di and triethylene glycols meg, deg and teg. Here, an interesting catalytic process was reported related to converting cellulose into ethylene glycol eg and ethylene glycol monoether egme in methanol over a runbopo. Ethylene glycol eg ethylene glycol c 2h 4oh 2 is produced from ethylene oxide through a catalytic reaction with water at higher temperature resulting in a yield of monoethylene glycol meg, known as glycol, and the byproducts diethylene glycol deg and triethylene glycol teg. The efficient usage of lignocellulosic biomass is of great significance for largescale lowcost biomass conversion to biofuels and other useful chemicals. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved.
The use of meglobal ethylene glycol products meg, deg as a nonreacted component in adhesives, plasticizers, and softening agents for packaging that has direct contact with food or beverage is not supported by meglobal. The reaction of the ethylene oxide and water to form ethylene glycol is a noncatalytic reaction. In the early days of eo production, the typical start of cycle selectivity for eo catalysts ranged from 68 to 70%, i. The largest application for eo is eg production, but eo is also used for making ethanolamines, glycol ethers, polyethylene glycols, and surfactants. Glycerol is a c3 triol and ethylene glycol is also a polyol, but a c2 diol. In 1995 the world capacity for ethylene glycol was about 9. Ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol chemical production. Production of ethylene glycol or glycolic acid from d.
Ethylene glycol eg ethylene glycol c 2h 4oh 2 is produced from ethylene oxide through a catalytic reaction with water at higher temperature resulting in a yield of mono ethylene glycol meg, known as glycol, and the byproducts di ethylene glycol deg and tri ethylene glycol teg. Oct 01, 2015 ethylene glycol production and purification. This project report deals with the design calculations of mono ethylene glycol production from ethylene oxide as a feed stock along with their relevant aspects such as instrumentation and process control, hazop study and cost estimation. In 1941 modo started to produce ethylene oxide for further production of ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol and a carbonate ester are simultaneously produced by reacting ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide to form ethylene carbonate, hydrolyzing of the solution containing the ethylene carbonate to obtain ethylene glycol, purifying ethylene glycol, transesterifying ethylene carbonate and a hydroxyl groupcontaining compound to form the corresponding carbonate ester and. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Environmental releases19 ethylene glycol production or the use of ethylene glycol or products containing ethylene glycol could result in the release of this material to the environment through various waste streams. It is the simplest alkene a hydrocarbon with carboncarbon double bonds ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production over 150 million tonnes in 2016 exceeds that of any. Us9096564b2 processes for the production of ethylene. Section 4 discusses the production of ethylene oxide and section 5 discusses the use of ethylene oxide as an industrial feedstock in the production of ethylene glycols, glycol ethers, ethoxylates, and ethanolamines. All atsdr toxicological profile pdf files are electronic conversions from paper copy or other electronic ascii text files. Ethylene glycol eg is a major industrial chemical used in the production of polyester fibers and films, antifreeze and vitrification formulations, and numerous other applications. Solubility of gases in ethylene oxide henry constants in mpa 22, 23 temperature, c solubility in ethylene oxide nitrogen argon methane ethane 0 284 169 62. Ethylene glycol and a carbonate ester are simultaneously produced by reacting ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide to form ethylene carbonate, hydrolyzing of the solution containing the ethylene carbonate to obtain ethylene glycol, purifying ethylene glycol, transesterifying ethylene carbonate and a hydroxyl groupcontaining compound to form the corresponding carbonate ester and ethylene glycol.